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December 5, 2025Advanced Functional Materials0 citations

Halogen Engineering in Supramolecular Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks Enables Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production

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XBXuguan BaiHLHaocheng LiaoJZJiahao Zhao

Key Points

  • XOF(Br)‐TTF achieves a hydrogen peroxide production rate of 28,200 µmol g −1 h −1 with ethanol, demonstrating superior photocatalytic performance.
  • The study utilized powder X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering to confirm high crystallinity of the halogen-bonded organic frameworks.
  • Halogen bonds improve charge transfer and intersystem crossing, enhancing the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions compared to TTF monomer.
  • The findings point to the potential of tetrathiafulvalene-based structures for organic transformations and efficient photocatalysis.

Abstract

Abstract Development of stable and efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production is highly desirable. In this study, a novel class of two‐dimensional halogen‐bonded organic frameworks (XOFs), XOF(I/Br)‐TTF, was prepared using Isoquinoline‐derived electron‐rich tetrathiafulvalene and three‐center electron‐deficient N···I/Br···N + halogen bonds. XOF(I/Br)‐TTF exhibit high crystallinity, as confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). The N⋯X⋯N + (X = I or Br) halogen bonds significantly enhance charge transfer, electron–hole separation, and intersystem crossing (ISC), leading to superior photocatalytic performance compared to the TTF monomer. Contrary to the typical heavy‐atom effect, the lighter N···Br···N + linkage in XOF(Br)‐TTF induced a narrower band gap, enhanced charge transfer, and improved intersystem crossing relative to XOF(I)‐TTF, leading to superior photocatalytic performance.XOF(Br)‐TTF achieves an exceptional H 2 O 2 production rate of 10,284 µmol g −1 h −1 in pure water without sacrificial agents and 28,200 µmol g −1 h −1 with ethanol as sacrificial agent, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 18.9%. XOF(I/Br)‐TTF also demonstrated excellent photocatalytic cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions, with XOF(Br)‐TTF showing superior performance. This work demonstrates the potential of halogen‐bonded organic frameworks as a versatile platform for designing efficient photocatalysts for H 2 O 2 production and organic transformations.

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Cite This Study

Bai et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6940224e2d562116f28fc121https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202527110
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