Effects of different polishing systems on the surface roughness, microhardness and gloss of 3D-printed resins

Key Points

• Surface roughness significantly decreases with multi-step polishing systems, enhancing end-product quality.
• Key evidence shows that polishing systems improve surface roughness, resulting in better gloss values.
• Assessment using two-step and multi-step polishing approaches indicates enhanced surface characteristics in permanent resin.
• These findings highlight the importance of polishing systems in optimizing surface quality of 3D-printed dental materials.