There is no universally applicable tool to prevent outdoor transmission. Each has its own utility, depending on local context. The best approach is integrating complementary techniques and community engagement to provide a broad shield of response against outdoor biting mosquitoes. As the WHO Integrated Vector Management framework recommends, it is through a broad approach of combined interventions, along with community engagement, improved data for decision-making, cross-sectoral collaboration and capacity building that can more effectively address outdoor biting of malaria vectors.
Michael B. MacDonald (Fri,) studied this question.