Factors of Cultural Genesis in the Southern Urals During the Middle Ages (Based on Archaeological Materials from Settlement Complexes in the Republic of Bashkortostan)

The object of the research is cultural genesis in the Southern Urals during the Middle Ages, considered as a process of the development of cultural phenomena studied through the lens of archaeological science. The subject of the research includes the factors that influenced its development. The relevance of studying these factors is primarily due to the insufficient number of works dedicated to the analysis of cultural genesis processes, both on a general regional scale and in relation to its individual areas and archaeological cultures. The aim of the work is to summarize, systematize, and analyze the main factors that influenced the development of cultural traditions in the South Ural region during the medieval period of its history. To achieve this, the results of studies and materials obtained during the archaeological investigation of settlement sites located in the Republic of Bashkortostan were used. The theoretical foundation of the research is based on the works of renowned archaeologists and cultural theorists such as E. S. Markaryan, V. M. Masson, and others, who explored various aspects of the studied problem. The research employed interdisciplinary and systemic approaches, historical-comparative methods, generalization, and historical methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first time that factors of cultural genesis in the Southern Urals during the Middle Ages have been summarized and examined. The study revealed that the dynamics of the formation and evolution of cultural traditions were closely linked to factors such as the region's natural and climatic conditions, migration flows, intercultural communications, trade connections, military and anthropogenic factors, and the dynamics of tradition and innovation. The very process of cultural genesis was closely associated with the socio-economic and political development of the region. A comprehensive study of the mentioned materials helps, on one hand, to understand the overall trajectory of cultural-historical development in the Southern Urals during the Middle Ages, and on the other hand, to examine how individual archaeological cultures arise, function, and change, identifying their unique features and regional characteristics.