Government Policy in Achieving Renewable Energy Integration in Riau Province

Riau Province holds significant potential for renewable energy development, particularly from biomass and other regionally available resources. However, its contribution to the national renewable energy mix remains limited. This study analyzes the environmental and governance dimensions of renewable energy policy implementation in Riau using a qualitative approach involving in-depth stakeholder interviews and document review. Guided by David Easton’s systems theory, the study examines regulatory frameworks, policy feedback processes, and interactions among government agencies, industry actors, and local communities. The findings indicate that although Regional Regulation No. 2/2022 on the Regional Energy Master Plan provides a formal policy basis, institutional fragmentation, weak policy instruments, and the absence of a national-level Renewable Energy Law constrain effective implementation. Cross-sectoral coordination challenges and limited local institutional capacity further impede renewable energy integration. The study highlights the need for regulatory harmonization, strengthened environmental governance mechanisms, and capacity-building programs to accelerate regional energy transitions and support national sustainability targets.