Green Environmental Policy Innovation in Bahrain

This paper examines Bahrain's current environmental policy framework, analyzing its strengths and limitations within the context of the country's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs). While Bahrain has established clear commitments, including a net-zero by 2060 target and ambitious renewable energy goals, this research identifies key areas for policy improvement. It proposes a more robust, integrated, and legally binding policy structure that includes sector-specific emissions targets, stronger green incentives, and enhanced public-private partnerships. The paper argues that by strengthening the NDC's regulatory power and transforming the VNR into a more transparent, data-driven, and participatory process, Bahrain can accelerate its transition to a sustainable, low-carbon economy. The findings aim to provide a strategic roadmap for policymakers to build a more resilient and environmentally sound future for the Kingdom.