Holistic Human Construction: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis from Self-Discipline in Sufism to Modern Neuroscience

This article aims to provide a holistic solution to the fundamental existential problem of modern man, the sense of "meaninglessness," from the intersection of ancient wisdom and contemporary science. The main problem of the study is how to overcome internal and external obstacles to individual and social peace. For this purpose, the concept of "self-discipline", which is at the center of the Islamic Sufi tradition, is reinterpreted as a universal model of character development. As a methodology, the basic principles of Sufi psychology have been subjected to an interdisciplinary synthesis with the findings of current neuroscience, positive psychology (PERMA Model), emotional intelligence (EI) and educational sciences (SEL Programs). The main findings of the article are grouped on three axes: First, the biggest obstacle to the search for a meaningful life is not external conditions, but internal mental pitfalls, such as cognitive biases and misconceptions. The second is that the process of "self-discipline" is based on concrete psychological and neurobiological mechanisms that increase the control of the prefrontal cortex over the limbic system and promote neuroplasticity. The third is that this internal "domestication" carried out at the individual level must be complemented by the search for a universal language of communication that will transcend the "wildness of language" at the social level. As a result, this study provides a practical and theoretical framework that aims at both personal "well-being" and collective peace by ensuring the integrity of individual maturation (morality) and social function (profession).