Laser biospeckles as a speedy tool to investigate the effects of sound on lentil (Lens esculenta puyensis) seeds

We found that the BA value was lower under white noise, indicating reduced activity within the seeds. Furthermore, a clear dependence of BA on sound frequency was observed, with this trend becoming apparent after six hours-well before visible germination began. It was found that, depending on the frequency applied, lentil seed germination could either be accelerated (e.g., at 1 kHz) or decelerated (e.g., at 100 Hz or 10 kHz). These results suggest that the laser speckle method may enable faster characterization of the characteristic frequency response of different plant seed species.