Multi-dimensional self-assessment matrix and scoring system for Positive Energy Districts

Introduction A predominant portion of current Positive Energy District (PED) projects focuses on technical advancements, often neglecting non-technical aspects, which can hinder a just energy transition. This raises the question: How can PEDs be assessed to ensure a just, inclusive, and context-sensitive energy transition beyond technical solutions? Methods This study develops a cohesive approach that embeds the multiscale, multisectoral, multi-component, and multi-actor nature of PED development. A multi-criteria PED Matrix was created and refined using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and expert feedback to evaluate and benchmark PEDs across eight dimensions: social, governance, technical, process, environmental, legal, financial, and managerial. Results Five European pilot cases (in Austria, Sweden, and Türkiye) were assessed using the matrix, revealing context-specific strengths and capacity-building needs and enabling cross-case learning and comparison. Discussion and conclusion The PED Matrix supports self-assessment and co-design processes, helping local stakeholders identify weaknesses, required competencies, and lessons from other PED-related cases, promoting inclusive and context-sensitive energy transitions.