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Meta-analysis finds that smoking increases opioid requirements and pain scores in postoperative patients, suggesting tailored pain management strategies are necessary.
Despite low-quality evidence due to non-randomized study designs, this meta-analysis demonstrates that patients who smoke have significantly higher postoperative opioid requirements and pain scores than nonsmokers. These findings highlight the need to consider smoking status when developing postoperative pain management strategies. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this relationship and optimize pain control in smokers.
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Szilagyi et al. (2025) studied this question.
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