《红楼梦》中疾病书写的文学功能 On the Literary Function of The Images of Disease in The story of the Stone

摘要 疾病是人类社会常见的生存经验之一，也是艺术领域，包括文学、绘画、音乐等经常涉及的主题。文学中的疾病主题主要有两方面，一是对现实生活中客观疾病的描绘与书写，二是具有象征、隐喻等社会文化方面的多重意义，也就是一种文学的审美手段和叙事策略。《红楼梦》中对疾病的描写丰富多彩，疾病话语和疾病叙写精彩绝伦令人叹服，通过对文本的细读，我们可以发现作者写作动机和对疾病书写的表现方式都具特点，且与全文的主旨发展密切相关。本文对《红楼梦》中典型的疾病案例的文学功能进行归类，尝试发掘其中的文学意涵，结合疾病隐喻的创作观念，最后得出结论，曹雪芹的“疾病书写”不仅反映出各个人物的人物性格，形成了贾府走向的衰落的背景氛围，增加整体行文有伏笔铺垫式的艺术美，还带有强烈的文化隐喻的象征意味。 Abstract Disease is the common experience of human beings and is often involved in the field of art, including literature, painting, music, etc. As a theme in literature, it mainly has two aspects, one the descriptions of physical disease in real life, the other the symbols and metaphors of multiple social and cultural significance, also known as an aesthetic means and narrative strategy in literature. The descriptions of disease in The story of the Stone is abundant and diversified, and the discourse and descriptions of disease are compelling. This paper discusses the typical cases of disease in this masterpiece, and studies their literary function in combination with the critical concept of disease poetics.