This study presents a comparative global analysis of nursing workforce development and advanced practice implementation. Drawing on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), International Council of Nurses (ICN), UNESCO, and peer-reviewed literature, the research examines differences across continents in terms of education, professional autonomy, digitalization, and cultural competence. Particular focus is placed on Advanced Practice Nursing (APN), identifying both success factors and barriers in low- and middle-income countries. The study advocates for coordinated global strategies and localized policy reform to enhance nursing’s role in resilient, equitable healthcare systems. Second version (v2) uploaded to trigger Google Scholar indexing. Second version (v2) updates:- Added author information at the beginning: name first, then "Independent Researcher".- Added location: Kazakhstan.- ORCID included and positioned below author information.- DOI number moved to appear after keywords.- No changes to abstract or keywords.
Botagoz Agabekova (Tue,) studied this question.