What question did this study set out to answer?

To investigate how sex affects the provision of bystander CPR during out-of-hospital cardiac arrests related to non-prescription drug use.

January 10, 2026Resuscitation Plus0 citationsOpen Access

Sex-Based Disparities in Bystander CPR for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Related to Non-Prescription Drug Use

APAticha Amie PrasongsukarnUniversity of British Columbia VMValerie MokUniversity of British Columbia JHJane HsuUniversity of British Columbia

Key Points

To investigate how sex affects the provision of bystander CPR during out-of-hospital cardiac arrests related to non-prescription drug use.
Analyzed records of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests involving non-prescription drug use.

Structured PICO

Does female sex improve the odds of receiving bystander CPR in OHCA cases related to non-prescription drug use?

Population

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases with evidence of recent non-prescription drug use

Intervention

Female sex (exposure)

Comparator

Male sex

Outcome

Receipt of bystander CPR and compression-plus-ventilation CPR

In out-of-hospital cardiac arrests related to non-prescription drug use, females have higher odds of receiving bystander CPR compared to males.

Abstract

In OHCA cases with evidence of recent non-prescription drug use, female sex was associated with a higher odds of receiving bystander CPR and compression-plus-ventilation CPR. We did not detect an association between sex and bystander naloxone or AED application.

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