Key result
PIV over 5.74 links to ~20% higher probable depression risk in females but not males.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to explore the potential non-linear relationship between the pan-immune inflammation value and probable depression, including potential gender differences.
Is a higher pan-immune inflammation value (PIV > 5.74) associated with an increased risk of probable depression?
Is a higher pan-immune inflammation value (PIV > 5.74) associated with an increased risk of probable depression?
Elevated pan-immune inflammation value is associated with an increased risk of probable depression in females, suggesting its potential as a sex-specific biomarker.
May support PIV as sex-specific biomarker for female depression risk; leaves open causality and prospective validation.
This study explored the non-linear relationship between pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) and probable depression using NHANES data (2005–2018, n = 27,049). Restricted cubic spline analysis identified an optimal PIV cutoff (5.74). Weighted logistic regression revealed that individuals with PIV > 5.74 had 14% higher risk of probable depression (OR=1.14, 95% CI:1.02–1.28). Gender-stratified analyses showed significant PIV and probable depression associations in females (OR=1.20, 95% CI:1.03–1.40) but not in males. In males, higher PIV interacted with age, education, and alcohol consumption to influence probable depression risk (interaction P < 0.05), whereas no such interactions occurred in females. The findings suggest PIV may serve as a sex-specific biomarker for probable depression risk, with more stable associations in females. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these gender differences and validate these findings before any clinical application.
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Yu et al. (2025) studied this question. A PIV > 5.74 was associated with a 14% increased risk of probable depression in females (OR=1.20), but not in males, highlighting a gender-specific effect.
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