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January 10, 2026Pathogens and Global Health

Classification of hepatitis A virus in clades based on VP1/2A region allows higher geographic and temporal resolution than conventional genotyping: a global sequences analysis

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Key result

HAV classification links lower country endemicity to greater clade diversity.

Why the study?

Molecular epidemiology is crucial to understanding transmission dynamics of hepatitis A virus, but current genotype assignment fails to provide useful epidemiologic information.

Population

1369 HAV sequences available in GenBank up to December 2023

Design

Global sequence analysis

Authors

JMJuan Carlos Muñoz-EscalanteAutonomous University of San Luis PotosíACAlan Axel Castro-ReséndizAutonomous University of San Luis PotosíMCMayra Colunga-SaucedoAutonomous University of San Luis Potosí

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Implication

May inform importation tracking in low-endemicity countries; leaves open whether clade surveillance improves outbreak control.

Key Points

  • The aim is to classify hepatitis A virus sequences into clades using the VP1/2A region for better epidemiological insights.
  • Analyzed 1369 hepatitis A virus sequences from GenBank
  • Sequences classified based on 460 bp of the VP1/2A region
  • Associated isolation sites with countries' HAV endemicity
  • Collection dates ranged from 1957 to 2023
  • Identified 70 different clades among sequences
  • Majority of the sequences belonged to genotypes IA (986) and IB (290)
  • 36 clades were detected in one country or few countries on a continent
  • Only 9 clades were found in more than two continents
  • Countries with lower HAV endemicity had higher clade diversity
  • Multinational outbreaks were linked to specific clades

Structured PICO

P
Population
1369 Hepatitis A virus (HAV) sequences available in GenBank up to December 2023
I
Intervention
Classification of HAV sequences based on 460 bp of the VP1/2A region in clades
C
Comparator
Conventional genotype assignment
O
Outcome
Geographic and temporal resolution of HAV transmission dynamics

Characterization of HAV strains below the genotype level using the VP1/2A region allows for better analysis of transmission patterns within and between countries.

Cite This Study

Muñoz-Escalante et al. (2025) studied this question. Classification of HAV into 70 clades revealed that countries with lower endemicity showed greater clade diversity compared to those with higher endemicity.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6963221b91e05aa366cb89d6https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2025.2608082
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A virus in a group of Portuguese citizens living in Lisbon area2007 · 13 citations
  2. 2Hepatitis A virus subtype IB outbreak among MSM in Hungary with a link to a frozen berry source2024 · 5 citations
  3. 3Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - Estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–20152019 · 31 citations
  4. 4Hepatitis A epidemiology in Latin American countries: a 2020 view from a systematic literature review2020 · 34 citations
  5. 5Changing sero-epidemiology of hepatitis A in Asia Pacific countries: A systematic review2017 · 33 citations