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Male sex, higher estimated blood loss (EBL), and increased crystalloid volumes predict a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 90 days following hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

January 10, 2026BMC Surgery0 citationsOpen Access

Intraoperative predictors of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events risk following hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: insights from the INSPIRE dataset

DWDongxu WuNinghai First Hospital Medicare and Health Group PYPing YangNinghai First Hospital Medicare and Health Group YYYanfei YangNinghai First Hospital Medicare and Health Group

Key Result

Male sex, higher estimated blood loss (EBL), and increased crystalloid volumes predict a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 90 days.

Key Points

To identify intraoperative factors that predict the risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) following hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.
Analysis of the INSPIRE dataset
Focus on male sex, estimated blood loss (EBL), and crystalloid volumes
Evaluation of associations with MACCE-90
Male sex is a predictor of higher MACCE risk
Increased estimated blood loss (EBL) correlates with higher MACCE-90
Higher crystalloid volumes are associated with increased MACCE risk

Structured PICO

Population

6,135 patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries from the INSPIRE database at Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.

Outcome

Occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) within 30 days after surgery, defined as angina, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, heart failure, stroke, and in-hospital all-cause mortality, or any combination thereof.composite

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 0% vs 0%

Abstract

Male sex, higher EBL, and crystalloid volumes predict MACCE-90. Optimized management and refined protocols are needed.

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