What question did this study set out to answer?

To compare the risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms between protease inhibitor and integrase strand transfer inhibitor regimens in adults living with HIV.

January 14, 2026Open Forum Infectious Diseases0 citationsOpen Access

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P-246. Abstract Title: Neuropsychiatric Outcomes Associated With PI- vs. INSTI-Based Regimens in People With HIV: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

AOAimalohi OkpekuVirginia Commonwealth University EPElvin T PriceVirginia Commonwealth University

Key Points

To compare the risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms between protease inhibitor and integrase strand transfer inhibitor regimens in adults living with HIV.
Conducted a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX Research Platform
Included adults (≥18 years) with HIV on PI or INSTI regimens from 2015 to 2022
Excluded patients with prior neuropsychiatric symptoms
Performed propensity score matching on demographics and comorbidities
Utilized Kaplan–Meier analysis for assessing risk of anxiety and other symptoms.
PI users showed higher probabilities of remaining free from anxiety at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months compared to INSTI users
At 12 months, 94.7% of PI users were free from anxiety versus 91.5% of INSTI users (p = 0.0002)
No significant differences were found between groups for depression or cognitive impairment at any follow-up point.
Subgroup analysis in those aged >65 showed no significant differences in neuropsychiatric risk.

Abstract

Abstract Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), including anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment, are increasingly recognized as adverse outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH). As antiretroviral therapy (ART) use expands and treatment duration increases, concerns have emerged about neuropsychiatric effects of specific ART regimens. This study compared the risk of NPS among users of protease inhibitor (PI)-based and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based ART. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Research Platform, a global, federated, de-identified real-world data system. Adults (≥18 years) with HIV prescribed PI- or INSTI-based regimens between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022, were included. Patients with prior NPS were excluded. Before matching, 5,063 PI and 11,788 INSTI users were identified. Propensity score matching (1:1) on demographics and comorbidities produced balanced cohorts (n = 5,058 per group). Kaplan–Meier analysis evaluated risk of anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. Results At each time point, the PI group had a significantly higher probability of remaining free from anxiety: 12 mo: 94.7% vs. 91.5% (p = 0.0002; RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.87) 18 mo: 91.9% vs. 89.9% (p = 0.00014; RR = 0.80 0.69–0.92) 24 mo: 90.3% vs. 87.5% (p = 0.0004; RR = 0.81 0.71–0.92) 36 mo: 88.9% vs. 86.5% (p = 0.0002; RR = 0.84 0.75–0.93) No significant differences were observed between the two groups for depression or cognitive impairment at any follow-up point. Subgroup analysis of individuals aged 65 years showed no significant differences in neuropsychiatric risk between treatment groups. Conclusion This large- scale real- world study among adults with HIV showed that PI based regimens were associated with a significantly reduced risk of anxiety at 12,18, 24, 36 months compared with INSTI based regimens. These findings highlight the importance of considering neuropsychiatric events when selecting ART regimens. Further research is needed to understand these associations and potential confounding factors. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Cite This Study

Okpeku et al. (Thu,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6966e73513bf7a6f02bffba9 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf695.468

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