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January 14, 2026Journal of Clinical Oncology

Differential efficacy of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on etiology: A systematic review and meta-analysis in viral vs. non-viral HCC.

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Authors

YLYun LiXTXiaoyu TanSFShuo Fang

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Overview

Systematic review reveals immunotherapy improves progression-free survival in viral HCC compared to non-viral cases, suggesting etiology influences treatment outcomes.

Key Points

  • This meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by etiology.
  • Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies reporting on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
  • Performed a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases for relevant studies.
  • Calculated pooled hazard ratios (HRs) using random-effects models with Stata software.
  • 26 studies included, showing significant differences in treatment outcomes based on HCC etiology.
  • HBV-related HCC showed the best OS HR of 0.67 and PFS HR of 0.58.
  • HCV-related HCC had moderate outcomes with OS HR of 0.84 and PFS HR of 0.75.
  • Non-viral HCC had the least favorable outcomes with OS HR of 0.88 and PFS HR of 0.71.
  • Results indicate that etiology is an important factor in immunotherapy response.

Cite This Study

Li et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6966f30613bf7a6f02c00837https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2026.44.2_suppl.542
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