Industrial application of oxygen-enriched smelting improves resource recovery rate of metals in waste lead-acid batteries, indicating enhanced processing efficiency.
The traditional lead sulfate paste (LSP) wet pre-desulfurization reduction smelting process has problems of low metal recovery rate, high consumption of desulfurization agents, and complex process flow. In this paper, an industrial application of the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting process for treating waste lead−acid batteries is discussed. The entire production process is characterized in detail, and the slag structure and morphology during the oxidation and reduction smelting stages are investigated. The reaction behavior of valuable metals such as lead, copper, tin, antimony, and zinc at each smelting stage is further researched. Meanwhile, the high-concentration SO 2 flue gas generated during oxidation smelting stage can be directly used to produce sulfuric acid. Compared with traditional smelting processes, the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting process shows significant advantages in raw material adaptability, processing scale, resource recovery rate, and energy consumption levels.
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Jin et al. (2026) studied this question.
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