Red/near-infrared emitting phosphors based on Bi 3+ ions: recent advances, materials design, and applications

Key Points

• The aim is to summarize recent advances in Bi3+-based red and near-infrared phosphors, focusing on material design and applications.
• Systematic review of existing literature
• Analysis of design strategies for phosphors
• Discussion of mechanisms behind red/NIR emission
• Evaluation of applications in diverse fields
• Highlight advancements in phosphor materials and design
• Discuss current challenges in material development
• Identify potential future applications and research directions