ABSTRACT Mixed phase of monoclinic manganese tungsten oxide (MnWO 4 ) and cubic hydroxyl manganese tungsten oxide (Mn 4 W 6 O 21 · (OH) 2 ) thin film with cuboidal and flower analogues cocktail surface architecture has been explored through an unadorned, cost‐efficient, and low‐temperature chemical approach, well confirmed through HR‐TEM and SAED. The polarons formed due to the electronic structure of manganese tungsten oxide contribute to p‐type conductivity via a hopping mechanism and enhance pseudocapacitive faradic reactions. Hybridization of manganese 3d orbitals with tungsten 5d orbitals and oxygen 2p orbitals leads to superior electrochemical performance, which is confirmed by first‐principles density‐functional theory studies for MnWO 4 and two formula units Mn 4 W 6 O 21 . The mixed phase hydroxylated tungsten oxide with hydrophilic surface with contact angle of 29.10°, enables superior electrochemical performance, exhibiting a voltage window of 0.97 V with specific capacitance of 1036.77 F · g −1 (areal 736.11 mF · cm −2 ) at scan rate of 2 mV · s −1 , in aqueous KOH electrolyte. Charge storage mechanisms, inclusive of surface capacitive and diffusion‐controlled, are well quantified. Designed asymmetric flexible solid‐state supercapacitor embedded with PVA − LiClO 4 electrolytic gel enables a wider voltage window of 1.84 V. The designed device attains a remarkable specific capacitance of 249.43 F · g −1 (areal 177.09 mF · cm −2 ) at 2 mV · s −1 . Noteworthy, a lightening LED panel along with a running small fan and 84.44% of electrochemical stability at 3000 cyclic voltametric cycles test; along with 95.49% capacitive retention at a mechanical bending angle of 170° marked as potential energy storage candidature for advanced flexible electronics.
Shivasharma et al. (Thu,) studied this question.