Association Between Sclerostin and Sarcopenia-Related Functional Decline in Older Women

Background: Sclerostin, an osteocyte-derived glycoprotein, plays a key role in bone metabolism by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. While it is a recognized therapeutic target in osteoporosis, its relationship with sarcopenia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between serum sclerostin levels, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis in older women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 79 postmenopausal women aged ≥65 years. Sarcopenia was defined based on grip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), osteoporosis was diagnosed according to femoral T-scores, and serum sclerostin levels were measured using ELISA. Associations with clinical variables and bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated using correlation and logistic regression analyses. Results: Sclerostin levels were significantly higher in women with sarcopenia (p = 0.036) and exhibited a negative correlation with grip strength (r = −0.298, p = 0.008) but not with ASM. Positive correlations were found between sclerostin and multiple femoral BMD parameters. In a logistic regression analysis, sclerostin was modestly associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.045); however, no significant association was observed with osteoporosis (p = 0.257). Conclusions: Elevated sclerostin levels are associated with reduced muscle strength and sarcopenia in older women, independent of muscle mass, indicating that sclerostin may reflect a functional decline in musculoskeletal health. Muscle strength should therefore be considered when interpreting sclerostin’s clinical implications in aging populations.