What question did this study set out to answer?

To formulate and evaluate a phytosomal gel of hesperidin for better topical delivery and efficacy.

January 17, 2026Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics0 citationsOpen Access

Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosomal Gel of Hesperidin

AMAbdul MannanDeccan School of Hospital Management RNRomisha NailaDeccan School of Hospital Management

Key Points

To formulate and evaluate a phytosomal gel of hesperidin for better topical delivery and efficacy.
Prepared hesperidin-phospholipid phytosomes using thin-film hydration method.
Optimized formulation based on particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency.
Incorporated optimized formulation into Carbopol 934 gel for evaluation.
Conducted in-vitro diffusion studies using Franz diffusion cells and FTIR analysis.
Optimized phytosomes had an average vesicle size of 168 nm and high entrapment efficiency of 85.52%.
Phytosomal gel demonstrated sustained drug release, with 95.6% release over 8 hours.
FTIR analysis confirmed the compatibility of the formulation with other components.
Drug release followed the Higuchi model, indicating a stable release profile.

Abstract

Background: Hesperidin possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity but exhibits limited topical efficacy due to poor solubility and low skin permeability. Phytosomal systems can enhance dermal delivery of such phytoconstituents. Materials and Methods: Hesperidin–phospholipid phytosomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and optimized based on particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulation (F6) was incorporated into a Carbopol 934 gel and evaluated for physicochemical properties. In-vitro diffusion studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells, while FTIR analysis and release kinetics were also assessed. Results: The optimized phytosomes showed nanosized vesicles (168 nm), stable zeta potential, and high entrapment efficiency (85.52%). The phytosomal gel exhibited acceptable physicochemical characteristics and sustained drug release, achieving 95.6% release within 8 h. FTIR confirmed compatibility, and drug release followed the Higuchi model (R² = 0.985). Conclusion: The hesperidin phytosomal gel enhanced solubility, skin permeation, and sustained drug release, demonstrating its potential for effective topical antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Keywords: Hesperidin; Phospholipid; Thin-film hydration method; Phytosomes; Topical gel; In-vitro drug release studies.

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