Methodological Advances in GC–MS for Complex Plant Matrices: Profiling Essential Oils From Apiaceae Flora

Rationale Charmatography based pphytochemical extraction to identify and quantification of volatile bioactive compounds providing chemical profiling to evaluate their pharmacological significance. Methods The component composition of essential oils of Bilacunaria microcarpa (M. Bieb.) Pimenov & V.N.Tikhom. and Peucedanum ruthenicum M. Bieb. distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan was studied using the method of gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Results In the composition of the essential oil of B. microcarpa , 70 components were found, of which 59 were identified; the mains of them are beta‐phellandrene (12.86%), beta‐pinene (10.18%), O‐cymol (8.84%), L‐borneol (7.85%), 1R‐alpha‐pinene (7.64%), caryophyllene (7.37%), beta‐caryophyllene oxide (4.43%), and β‐elemene (3.97%). In the essential oil of P. ruthenicum that were also identified, 60 of them were major components, of which are m‐cymene (14.08%), beta‐myrcene (13.34%), limonene (9.01%), 2‐methylenebornane (6.68%), acetylcyclopentanone (4.39%), 1R‐alpha‐pinene (3.90%), and cryptone (3.77%). Antifungal activity of both B. microcarpa and P. ruthenicum species, as well as their aqueous extracts and essential oils, was revealed. Conclusions It was found that the studied plants and their aqueous extracts exhibit fungistatic activity on the growth of Trichoderma lignorum and Aspergillus niger fungal colonies, whereas B. microcarpa and their aqueous extracts exhibit fungicidal action on Fusarium oxysporum , and essential oils of the studied species in all concentrations exhibited absolute fungicidal action against this fungus, Aspergillus niger .