An Introduction to Machine Learning for the Practicing Spine Surgeon

The applications of new and emerging technologies in spine surgery are constantly expanding. Specifically, machine learning algorithms have seen a rise in utilization in clinical research, allowing for interpretation of large datasets that have the capability of experiential learning. The goal of this work is to present a guide for surgeons to better understand model design, key takeaways, and common pitfalls related to machine learning to ensure accurate and appropriate interpretation of analytical findings in their practice.