Hydrogen permeation parameters of PA12 were obtained through high-pressure hydrogen permeation experiments conducted under various temperature and pressure conditions. The temperature-dependent mechanism governing the hydrogen permeation behavior of PA12 was further examined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). A multi-field coupled numerical model was established and validated against the experimental results. Based on the validated numerical approach, the hydrogen permeation behavior of a type IV hydrogen storage vessel with local reinforcement was investigated. The results show that both temperature and pressure have a significant influence on the hydrogen permeation performance of PA12. When the temperature is below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PA12 (48.34 °C), the diffusion coefficient remains low, whereas temperatures above the Tg led to a marked increase in the diffusion coefficient. In addition, the local reinforcement patch effectively prolongs the time required to reach steady-state permeation, reduces the hydrogen permeation flux before and after steady state, and enhances the overall resistance to hydrogen permeation of the type IV vessel. As the diffusion coefficient of the liner material increases, the hydrogen diffusion rate increases substantially, leading to greater hydrogen accumulation in the dome region and higher permeation levels both before and after steady state. These findings provide theoretical guidance and design references for optimizing the hydrogen-resistant performance of type IV hydrogen storage vessels.
Huo et al. (2026) studied this question.