From Emissions to Assets: Sustainable Technologies for CO2 Capture, Conversion, and Integrated Strategies

Addressing the growing threat of climate change requires urgent and sustainable solutions for managing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This review investigates the latest advancements in technologies for capturing and converting CO2, with a focus on approaches that prioritize energy efficiency, environmental compatibility, and economic viability. Emerging strategies in CO2 capture are discussed, with attention to low-carbon-intensity materials and scalable designs. In parallel, innovative CO2 conversion pathways, such as thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photochemical processes, are evaluated for their potential to transform CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. A growing body of research now focuses on integrating capture and conversion into unified systems, eliminating energy-intensive intermediate steps like compression and transportation. These integrated carbon capture and conversion/utilization (ICCC/ICCU) technologies have gained significant attention as promising strategies for sustainable carbon management. By bridging the gap between CO2 separation and reuse, these sustainable technologies are poised to play a transformative role in the transition to a low-carbon future.