AbstractThe 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 institutionalized Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and made reservations for women mandatory, a landmark step in strengthening grassroots democracy in India. By ensuring at least one-third representation, and later expanding to 50% in many states, the amendment opened up previously denied political spaces to women. Since then, women representatives have played an important role in reshaping development priorities with emphasis on health, education, sanitation and social justice. Their participation has contributed to greater inclusivity, transparency and accountability in local governance. However, challenges such as misrepresentation, patriarchal control, and lack of training and socio-cultural barriers continue to limit the full realization of women empowerment. This paper analyzes the dual story of achievements and barriers to women’s participation in PRIs, highlighting their transformative role in rural governance and pathways to strengthening gender equality in political institutions.
Rajinder Singh (2025) studied this question.