A Comprehensive Echocardiographic Guide for Mitral Valve Repair – A Narrative Review

Figures

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  Figure 1. Schematic diagram shows characteristics of a complete MR jet – Vena contracta and MR jet on the left atrial side and proximal flow convergence on the left ventricular side

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  Figure 2. ME Zoomed 4-chamber view shows a complete MR jet across the MV

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  Figure 3. ME 2-chamber view shows an eccentric MR jet without flow convergence

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  Figure 4. ME long-axis view, continuous wave Doppler across the MR jet shows early and late peaks with a mid-systolic decrease (Functional/Ischemic MR)

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  Figure 5. ME 4-chamber view, continuous wave Doppler across the MR jet shows mid-late systolic peak secondary to prolapse

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  Figure 6. ME long-axis view, Color flow Doppler across the MV shows MR jet direction opposite to the flail or prolapsed leaflet

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  Figure 7. Schematic diagrams show description of MV scallops: A] Anterior mitral leaflet with A1, A2, and A3 scallops and posterior mitral leaflet with P1, P2, and P3 scallops

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  Figure 8. a] Intraoperative picture shows large P2 and a very small P1; b] Midesophageal 2-chamber view shows P2 prolapse; c] 3D Zoom enface view shows P2 prolapse

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  Figure 9. ME 4-chamber view shows the structures visualized

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  Figure 10. ME long-axis view shows the structures visualized – left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, MV scallops A2, P2, left ventricular outflow tract, aortic valve, aorta, and interventricular septum

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  Figure 11. ME 2-chamber view shows left atrium, left ventricle, MV scallops P3, A3, A2, A1, left atrial appendage, and coronary sinus

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  Figure 12. ME commissural view shows left atrium, left ventricle, and MV scallops P3, A2, and P1, and prolapsed P2 (Cobra sign)