This study investigates the relationship between four key climate variables in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, from 2014 to 2023: the Sunshine Anomaly Index (SAI), solar radiation, rainfall, and the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). Using cross-correlation, spectral analysis, and stochasticity, we find a weak correlation between SAI and climate dynamics, particularly ONI at + 0.29, and a strong inverse correlation with rainfall at -0.57. In contrast, a very weak correlation is found between ONI and rainfall as amount + 0.03 at a lag of 0 months. Daily fluctuations are primarily influenced by cloud cover, as indicated by significant drift patterns identified in the Fokker-Planck equation. A decade analysis reveals a trend of negative solar energy anomalies, indicating a persistent energy deficit condition in Bandung. Additionally, the stochastic analysis emphasizes the localized nature of Photovoltaic Development Goals (PDG), highlighting the importance of regional environmental factors in planning photovoltaic (PV) power plants.
Hamdi et al. (Sat,) studied this question.