Quantum simulation

Simulating quantum mechanics is known to be a difficult computational, especially when dealing with large systems. However, this difficulty be overcome by using some controllable quantum system to study another less or accessible quantum system, i.e., quantum simulation. Quantum promises to have applications in the study of many problems in,≠.g., condensed-matter physics, high-energy physics, atomic physics, quantum and cosmology. Quantum simulation could be implemented using quantum, but also with simpler, analog devices that would require less, and therefore, would be easier to construct. A number of quantum such as neutral atoms, ions, polar molecules, electrons in, superconducting circuits, nuclear spins and photons have been as quantum simulators. This review outlines the main theoretical and aspects of quantum simulation and emphasizes some of the and promises of this fast-growing field.