Order-Projection Principle: A Minimal Origin of Phase-Dependent Observables Across Systems

Key Points

• The aim is to elucidate the conditions under which order-dependent observables manifest in various systems.
• Developed a theoretical framework based on the Order-Projection Principle.
• Explored the interplay between noncommutative operations and irreversible projections.
• Described when phase-dependent observables become apparent in certain systems.
• Provided a model-independent perspective on the visibility of these observables.