Abstract The oil and gas industry produces diverse hazardous and toxic wastes (HTW) classified into dominant wastes, including chemicals residues, while non‐dominant wastes, such as contaminated materials, which pose greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions risks. Therefore, this study provides a detailed estimation of its total GHG emissions on the period from 2020 to 2024 and its transportation in the oil and gas industry. The Tier 1 approach of the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines was applied for estimating, covering three major GHG: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Results indicate a substantial 83.99% reduction in total emissions from hazardous waste from 705,093 tCO 2 eq in 2020 to 112,888 tCO 2 eq in 2024 reflecting improved waste handling practices. Emissions from dominant waste types declined by 42.46%, while non‐dominant waste types showed a 99.67% reduction. Its transportation‐related emissions of marine transport were 14,292 tCO 2 eq, while land transport of 0.001742069 tCO 2 eq from CH 4 and N 2 O conversion value which due to avoid double counting, CO 2 emissions were treated as part of the energy sector. The study contributes to policy formulation by highlighting the importance of incorporating both treatment and transportation emissions in waste management strategies to achieve low‐carbon and sustainable development goals.
Nurjaya et al. (Fri,) studied this question.