In this paper, we proposed an ordinary differential equation model for the transmission of Hepatitis B virus (BHV). The model accounted for the susceptible, exposed, infected, Chronic, and removed classes. We obtained the model's disease-free and endemic equilibrium points and the effective reproductive number. Further, from a thorough sensitivity analysis of the effective reproductive number, we extended the model by incorporating five time-dependent controls to cater to the vertical transmission, vaccination, testing, and treatment of acutely and chronically infected individuals. Numerical simulation was conducted to underscore the effects of the control in combating HBV.
Onuorah et al. (Wed,) studied this question.