ABSTRACT The manosphere is an amalgam of misogynistic digital communities—incels, MGTOWs, MRAs, and PUAs—that, in recent decades, have shifted from complete ostracism to the mainstream. This study aims to provide a narrative review of the updated literature and to offer a critical framework for the understanding and studying the manosphere, structured around four dimensions: leadership, affordances, identity, and coordinated misogynistic practices. It concludes by outlining two key challenges facing manosphere research: advancing methodologically and avoiding the normalisation or even the whitewashing of misogyny.
Rollano et al. (2026) studied this question.