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This research aims to investigate the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress in silver carp fingerlings exposed to pesticide toxicity.

January 20, 2026Open Access

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Vitamin C Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) Fingerlings Exposed to Toxicity Induced by Temephos and Buprofezin

SHSumaira Hassan IQIrfan Zia Qureshi MAModhi O. Alotaibi

Key Points

This research aims to investigate the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress in silver carp fingerlings exposed to pesticide toxicity.
Silver carp fingerlings were exposed to temephos and buprofezin for 96 hours.
Vitamin C was added to fish feed for 21 days following pesticide exposure.
Histopathological, biochemical, genotoxic, and molecular analyses were utilized to assess the effects of vitamin C.
Control and experimental groups were conducted in parallel with replicates.
Vitamin C significantly elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, POD, and CAT (p < 0.001).
It restored total protein content and reduced levels of reactive oxygen species and TBARS (p < 0.001).
Gene expression analysis showed downregulation of HSP70 and CYP1A in gills and liver after vitamin C supplementation (p < 0.05).
Histological examination revealed restoration of fish tissue structure affected by pesticides, including gill and liver improvements (p < 0.01).
Comet assay showed normalization of DNA damage metrics with vitamin C (p < 0.0001).

Abstract

Context Organophosphates and chitin synthesis inhibitor pesticides pose a significant indirect threat to fish populations, necessitating effective remedial measures. Objective Supplementation with vitamin C (Vit C) in fish feed as a counteracting strategy to mitigate pesticides effect was explored in silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) fingerlings. Methodology Fish were exposed for 96 h to temephos (TEM), buprofezin (BPFN) alone or their combination, following which, Vit C was added to the fish feed for 21 days. Control and experimental groups were run in parallel, each with three replicates. Histopathological, biochemical, genotoxic (comet assay), and molecular approaches were utilized to evaluate the single and combined toxic effects and attenuating effects of Vit C. Comparisons were made statistically. Results Vit C supplementation caused significant elevation of antioxidant enzyme levels, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) ( p < 0.001) and restored the total protein content, whilst decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) p < 0.001). Gene expression analyses demonstrated downregulation ( p < 0.05) of HSP70 and CYP1A mRNA expression in gills and liver following Vit C supplementation. Histology showed the amelioration effect of Vit C on pesticide‐induced structural alterations in gills, liver, and kidney. For instance, in gills, it prevented the decline of secondary lamellar length (SLL) and restored interlamellar distance (ID) ( p < 0.01) while decreasing the basal epithelial thickness (BET) ( p < 0.05). PAGE index showed improvement in both TEM + Vit C and BPFN + Vit C supplemented groups ( p < 0.01). Comet demonstrated normalization of head DNA %, tail length, comet length p < 0.0001), tail moment, and olive tail moment ( p < 0.05) with Vit C. Conclusion Vit C can be an effective remedial agent against pesticide toxicity; however, complete restoration of structural and physiological alterations warrants further experimentation.

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Cite This Study

Hassan et al. (Thu,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/696f1a9f9e64f732b51eedd3 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/are/5747529

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