Classical models of matter formation in extreme astrophysical environments assume that long-lived matter arises exclusively through nuclear fusion and r-process nucleosynthesis, governed by predefined nuclear forces, atomic numbers, and reaction pathways. While these mechanisms are observationally successful, they implicitly restrict the conceptual space of admissible matter stability. In this study, we perform a falsification-oriented, constraint-driven simulation of a relativistic post–Type II supernova plasma in which fusion, r-process nucleosynthesis, predefined atomic numbers, nuclear shell models, gravitational collapse into compact objects, imposed rotation, and hard-coded atomic constants are explicitly forbidden. The system is allowed to evolve solely under electromagnetic interactions, relativistic causality, quantum field fluctuations, and energy conservation. The simulation demonstrates that hydrogen and deuterium emerge naturally as stable bound states without nuclear assumptions, while no classical heavy elements form under these constraints. Crucially, the system nevertheless produces multiple classes of long-lived, noise-stable bound matter, including quasi-nuclear composites and entirely novel stability regimes that do not correspond to known atomic, nuclear, or plasma structures. These emergent states exhibit causal coherence, resistance to dissociation, and topology-locked stability sustained by electromagnetic and quantum self-organization. The results establish that while nuclear processes are necessary for the formation of classical heavy elements, matter stability itself does not require nuclear assumptions. Relativistic plasma physics admits additional stable matter regimes beyond the periodic table, expanding the space of physically admissible outcomes in extreme astrophysical environments and motivating further theoretical and observational investigation.
Drew Slawson (2026) studied this question.
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