From coexistence to collaboration: The evolution of grassroots NGO–government relationships in China

Abstract This study explores the evolution of the relationship between grassroots non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the government of China, focusing on that relationship’s transition from coexistence to collaboration. Through a case study of a grassroots NGO addressing the needs of migrant workers in Beijing, this article reveals how these organizations have moved beyond strategies for mere survival to actively engaging with the government and influencing its behaviour. The study’s findings show that the NGO in question adopted professional development and advocacy strategies, thereby gaining trust and recognition from the government. Over time, this relationship evolved from one of cautious coexistence to one of active collaboration, with the NGO taking on roles that extend beyond traditional service provision, such as policy advocacy and even some governmental functions. This study highlights the dynamic interactions and mutual dependencies between grassroots NGOs and the government, demonstrating how such organizations can navigate the institutional environment to achieve both survival and influence. This research contributes to an understanding of the complex and evolving relationship between the state and NGOs in China, with an emphasis on the strategies and outcomes that characterize this symbiotic relationship.