Targeting immunometabolism in cancer through pharmacological and lifestyle interventions

Immunometabolism, a fundamental biogenic process that supports the function of immune cells, is often disrupted in diseases such as cancer. Tackling metabolic dysregulation at a cellular level has therefore emerged as a focus in drug development. However, as cellular metabolic rewiring takes place in response to both intrinsic factors, which can be targeted pharmacologically, and environmental changes, which cannot, fostering a homeostatic systemic metabolism through diet, exercise, and stress management is essential to support and sustain cellular fitness. This Essay conceptualizes immunometabolism as a process that can be regulated intrinsically and extrinsically and explores the potential for incorporating lifestyle changes and drug therapies that target immunometabolism into treatments for cancer.