Theoretical study of the shock-induced jet flow for non-spherical voids

We employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamic behaviors of non-spherical voids in explosives. The simulation results reveal four interesting phenomena during void collapse: rarefaction wave, medium hotspot, jet flow, and final hotspot. Through detailed theoretical derivation, the physical essence of the jet flow and hotspot is elucidated. We find that the hotspot temperature primarily results from the kinetic energy of the jet flow, while the jet flow originates from the solid–fluid transition during void collapse. A set of physical models are developed to characterize the microscopic mechanisms. The insights are validated across different void types and materials, providing a fundamental understanding of the shock ignition in explosives.