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Calculating cost per event avoided using a composite number needed to treat | Synapse

January 23, 2026Journal of Medical Economics1 citationsOpen Access

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Calculating cost per event avoided using a composite number needed to treat

JTJoshua C. ToliverNovo Nordisk (United Kingdom)JWJ. WangNovo Nordisk (United Kingdom)JBJigish BhavsarNovo Nordisk (United Kingdom)

Key Points

The aim is to highlight the shortcomings of using number needed to treat (NNT) based solely on the primary endpoint.
Analyzed the limitations of NNT in evaluating treatment benefits.
Proposed the use of a composite endpoint for a more comprehensive assessment.
Compared traditional NNT with cost per event avoided (CPEA) analyses.
Identified that NNT alone can misrepresent treatment effectiveness.
Showed that composite endpoints provide a fuller picture of benefits.
Demonstrated improved value assessment when utilizing CPEA.

Abstract

This research illustrates the limitations of using a NNT focused only on the primary endpoint, as it does not capture the total benefit of the treatment. When considering the value of treatments through NNT or CPEA analyses, a composite endpoint capturing broader benefit should be utilized.

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Cite This Study

Toliver et al. (Wed,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69730f34c8125b09b0d1f018 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2026.2615606