This methodology demonstrates the synthesis of complex compounds in organic chemistry, indicating a novel approach to reaction design.
An unprecedented strategy for synthesizing 1,2-bis(indolyl)ethenes and benzo[α]carbazoles is described herein. Mechanistically, an acetal intermediate, derived from vinylene carbonate and HFIP, is involved in electrophilic substitution to free (NH)-indoles, generating indolyl-3-acetaldehydes. Subsequent electrophilic condensation between these indolyl-3-acetaldehydes and additional indoles or C2-aryl rings affords (E)-1,2-bis(indolyl)ethenes and benzo[α]carbazoles, respectively.
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Hyun et al. (2026) studied this question.
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