PulseExploreJournal ClubDebatesTrendingResearchersJournals
Instagram
HomeExploreJournal ClubTrending
Synapse
⌘+K
Synapse
January 23, 2026Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management2 citationsOpen Access

Substantive or Symbolic? Analyzing the Quality of Impact Reports in Italian B‐Corps Through Legitimacy Theory

View Full Paper
LFLaura FerraroFRFranco Ernesto RubinoCACarmelo Arena

Key Points

  • The aim is to evaluate the quality of sustainability reports published by Italian B-Corps and identify their reporting strategies.
  • Conducted content analysis of 2022 Impact Reports for 74 Italian B-Corps
  • Used legitimacy theory to assess reporting strategies
  • Triangulated findings with data from a semi-structured questionnaire
  • Environmental disclosures were often detailed and quantitative, showing substantive strategies
  • Reporting on workers, community, customers, and governance was primarily descriptive, indicating symbolic approaches
  • Only a small minority of firms used assurance mechanisms despite mentioning global standards

Abstract

ABSTRACT Sustainability reporting has become increasingly compelling, particularly among hybrid organizations such as B‐Corps, which seek to balance profit and purpose and are required to publish annual Impact Reports. This study assesses the completeness of disclosed information in the 2022 Impact Reports of 74 Italian B‐Corps, drawing on legitimacy theory to evaluate whether firms engage in substantive or symbolic reporting strategies. A content analysis, triangulated with data from a semi‐structured questionnaire, reveals that while environmental disclosures are often detailed and quantitative, indicating substantive disclosure strategies, reporting in the workers, community, customers, and governance areas is predominantly descriptive, reflecting symbolic approaches. Despite frequent references to global reporting standards, only a small minority of firms employ assurance mechanisms. The findings contribute to understanding how B‐Corps navigate legitimacy pressures and offer insights for strengthening transparency and credibility in sustainability reporting.

Ask AI
Helpful
Bookmark
Share
View Full Paper

Cite This Study

Ferraro et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69731022c8125b09b0d1fe5ahttps://doi.org/10.1002/csr.70416
Ask AI
Helpful
Bookmark
Share
View Full Paper