Extracellular Vesicles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid as Indicators of Periodontitis and Early Response to Non‐surgical Periodontal Therapy

Our study aims to profile EV subtypes and cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α) across (1) shallow pockets (≤ 3 mm) in healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis patients, and (2) deep pockets (≥ 6 mm) in periodontitis patients before and 1 month after NSPT. Preliminary data suggest that sEV-IL-4 and CD9⁺ sEV may reflect treatment response in periodontitis, being elevated in responding versus nonresponding sites.