Recognition and management of acute kidney injury in children

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common among hospitalized neonates and children and is associated with adverse short- and long-term outcomes. Prevention and early detection of AKI are necessary to limit injury progression and avoid complications. However, paediatric AKI is currently under-recognized in Canada and follow-up care is highly variable. This Canadian Paediatric Society statement reviews epidemiology and risk factors for paediatric AKI, strategies for its diagnosis and management in hospitalized children, the potential long-term risks of childhood AKI, and recommendations for follow-up surveillance after AKI. A separate section focuses on the nuances of neonatal AKI detection and management, due to the unique considerations applicable to this patient population.