Electrochemical Detection of Neuroactive Catecholamine Noradrenaline Using ZrO ₂ Poly (Tyrosine)‐Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

This study specifies the electrochemical investigation of the neuroactive catecholamine (Noradrenaline (NA)), by a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) with zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO 2 NPs), followed by tyrosine electro polymerization (PTyr/ZrO 2 /CPE). ZrO 2 NPs are prepared by a homogeneous mixture of zirconyl nitrate and urea, and thermal treatment at 500 °C. The resultant is characterized by FESEM and XRD techniques. The investigation of the fabricated electrode was estimated in a 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.2, using a scan rate (SR) of 100 mV/s. The enhanced current responses of the fabricated electrode with superior electrochemical response, with an increased electroactive sites and conductivity, through swift electron and proton transfer for the target analyte. The modified electrode sensing capability toward noradrenaline (NA) is assessed using techniques of CV, EIS, and DPV. Under calibrated conditions, PTyr/ZrO 2 /CPE specifies NA in a 2 to 9 µM range with a lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.2 µM. The demonstrated fabricated sensor specifies excellent selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity for NA detection, of promising strategy to improve sensor electrochemical performance.