Studies on High Biosorption Potential of Algal Biochar for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye From Water

This study investigates the efficacy of biochar derived from the brown algae Turbinaria conoides (TCB) as a high‐performance adsorbent for the removal of malachite green (MG) dye from synthetic wastewater. The physicochemical properties and successful adsorption of MG onto TCB were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. To determine optimal operational conditions, the influence of key parameters, including adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH, was systematically evaluated. Equilibrium data demonstrated a superior fit to the Langmuir isotherm model, while the adsorption kinetics adhered to a pseudo‐first‐order model, indicating a predominantly physisorption‐driven process. Notably, TCB exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 2476 mg/g at pH 7 with a contact time of 130 min, highlighting its potential as a “super‐adsorbent.” Mechanistic insights gained from intraparticle diffusion and Boyd plot models revealed that pore diffusion is not the rate‐limiting step in the adsorption process. Given its exceptional capacity and rapid kinetics, TCB represents a highly effective and sustainable candidate for the remediation of dye‐contaminated industrial effluents.