Psychosocial and Legal Consequences of False Allegations Under Gender-biased Laws: A Phenomenological Study

Background: Gender-specific legal provisions, while designed to safeguard vulnerable groups, can at times be misused. False allegations under these laws impose severe psychological, social and financial hardships on the accused and their families. Aim: This study examines the multidimensional consequences of false allegations, with particular focus on trauma, economic burden, workplace challenges and family disruption. Methods: A phenomenological design was adopted. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, case studies and focus group discussions with 60 participants – comprising 30 falsely accused men, 15 family members, 7 legal professionals and 8 mental health experts. Thematic analysis, supported by descriptive statistics, was used to identify recurring patterns. Results: Findings revealed systemic challenges: 80% of accused men faced prolonged trials, 67% of lawyers highlighted weak or insubstantial FIRs and 60% of accused men reported a presumption of guilt. Workplace consequences were critical, with 40% losing jobs and 33% reporting career stagnation. Psychosocial impacts included social isolation (73% of accused), post-traumatic symptoms (40%) and heightened distress amongst children reported by family members (67%). Family disruption was widespread, with 73% of accused experiencing divorce or separation and 80% of families reporting father–child alienation. Conclusions: False allegations carry long-term psychological, social and legal consequences not only for the accused but also for their families. The findings underscore the urgent need for gender-neutral legal reforms, expedited judicial processes, workplace protections and accessible mental health support. A balanced perspective is essential – one that addresses misuse of laws while continuing to protect genuine victims.