Legal Protection Against False or Inadequate Medical Documents: Strategies for Challenging Them by Patients in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings

This research addresses document integrity and authenticity in the medical context, focusing on digital technologies applied to record security and the legal implications arising from document fraud. It is contextualized in the growing digitalization of health systems, which requires robust legal and technological protection to guarantee patients' rights and data reliability. The problem lies in the insufficiency of current standards and the vulnerability of digital medical documents, which can compromise justice and ethics in health care. The general objective was to analyze the effectiveness of digital technologies, such as blockchain, combined with the legal framework, to ensure medical document security. Methodologically, the neoperspectivist Giftedean paradigm was adopted, with theories of information security, digital law and bioethics, applying the hypothetical-deductive method. The high-impact narrative bibliographic and documentary review was conducted in databases such as Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO, using descriptors related to document security, medical records and digital fraud, resulting in the critical analysis of 45 selected works. The main findings indicate that digital technologies enhance the protection of medical documents, but Brazilian legislation still lacks specific and uniform regulations. The conclusions point to the need for integration between technological innovation, legal standards and professional training to mitigate fraud and protect rights. Limitations include the scarcity of broad empirical data and rapid technological evolution. The highlights contributions interdisciplinary advancement and support for the formulation of effective public policies, adding value to science, postgraduate studies and society.