ABSTRACT Water electrolysis is a key method for sustainable hydrogen production, using water as an abundant resource. However, efficient and stable operation at high current densities remains challenging due to energy losses, catalyst degradation, and limited ion–electron transport. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials, with tunable electronic properties, high surface areas, and unique charge transport characteristics, offer strong potential to enhance performance. However, their behavior under high‐current conditions remains unclear, with limited focus on how intrinsic 2D features, such as strain, defects, and interlayer interactions, affect activity and stability. This review critically examines the role of 2D materials in high‐current‐density water electrolysis, focusing on their structural, electronic, and catalytic mechanisms. Unlike previous reviews that broadly discuss 2D materials in water electrolysis, we specifically address their challenges and opportunities under industrial conditions. We classify 2D materials into six categories: oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, phosphides, carbides and nitrides, and emerging compounds, and analyze their electrochemical stability and catalytic performance at high‐current densities. By synthesizing recent advancements, this review offers a framework for designing high‐performance 2D catalysts, advancing the development of efficient materials for large‐scale, sustainable hydrogen production.
Guan et al. (Sun,) studied this question.